APA Citation Guide

APA Citation Guide

This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Ed. (Washington, D.C., American Psychological Association, 2010). APA is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences.

For each of the following examples, there are two parts. The first one explains the format that should be used at the end of the research paper, providing complete information on the resource (Reference). The second part corresponds to the citation included in the paper, immediately after the quotation (In-text).

APA uses hanging indent formatting in the reference list. For in-text direct quotes, add page numbers when necessary: e.g., (Komisar, 1991, p. 13).

PRINTED SOURCES

Book (one author)

Reference:
Cohen, S. (1983). The alcoholism problem. New York: Hawort.

In-text: (Cohen, 1983, p. 151)

Book (two or more authors)

Reference:
Strunk, W., Jr. & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.

In-text: (Strunk & White, 1979, p.62) *

* For 3 or more authors: (Caciagli et al.)
Subsequent references: (Strunk et al., 1979)

Book Chapter

Reference:
Frank, P. (1987). Political succession in the Soviet Union. In P. Calvert (Ed.), The process of political succession (pp. 92-109). New York: St. Martin’s Press.

In-text: (Frank, 1987, p. 101)

Encyclopedia Article

Reference:
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

In-text: (Bergmann, 1993, p. 502)

Journal Article (one author)

Reference:
Labanca, N. (2004). Colonial rule, colonial repression and war crimes in the Italian colonies. Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 9(3), 300-313.

In-text: (Labanca, 2004, p. 305)

Journal Article (two or more authors)

Reference:
Cerna A., & Wilding J.M. (1977). A note on voluntary control of heart-rate and short-term memory. British journal of psychology, 68, 467.

In-text: (Cerna & Wilding, 1977)*

* For 3 to 5 authors (Smith, Zappella, Rosen, Gustman, & Rock, 1994, p. 152)
For 6 or more authors: (Smith et al., 1994, p. 152)
Subsequent references: (Smith et al., 1994)

Magazine Article

Reference:
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

In-text: (Henry, 1990, p. 30)

Newspaper Article

Reference:
Moffett, S. (2004, November 26-28). As Yen surges, Tokyo remains on sidelines. Wall Street Journal Europe, M1.

In-text: (Moffett,2004, M1)

Review

Reference:
Mroczek, D.K. (2000). The emerging study of midlife [Review of the book Life in the middle: psychological and social development in middle age]. Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 45, 482-485.

In-text: (Mroczek, 2000, p. 483)

AUDIOVISUAL SOURCES

When citing audiovisual sources (with the exception of music on CD), you need to specify the medium used and the publication date.

Video Recording (DVD/VHS)

Reference:
Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [Motion Picture/DVD/VHS]. United States: Paramount Pictures.

In-text: (You can count on me)

Sound Recording (CD)

Reference:
Shocked, M. (1992). Over the waterfall. On Arkansas traveller [CD]. New York: Polygram.

In-text: (Shocked, 1992, track 5)

ON-LINE SOURCES

For each reference found on the Web or on an online database, you need to add the DOI identifier (a permanent digital identifier given to an electronic object). Type the DOI in the format shown below. Do not put a period at the end of the DOI.

doi: 10.1016/S0028-3932%2801%2900178-6

If the DOI is not available, include the home page URL in this format:

Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxx

WWW Homepage

Reference:
GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/

In-text: (GVU's 8th WWW user survey)

Journal article with DOI

Reference:
Garcia-Retamero, R., Takezawa, M., & Galesic, M. (2010). Simple mechanisms for gathering social information. New Ideas in Psychology, 28(1), 49-63. doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2009.05.002.

In-text: (Garcia-Retamaro et al., 2010, p. 55)

Journal article retrieved from a database or without a DOI

For articles that are easily located, do not provide database information. If the article is difficult to locate, you can provide database information or the URL.

Reference:
Gareth, M. G. (2009). Word learning and lexical development across the lifespan. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 364(1536), 3607-3615. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.

In-text: (Gareth,2000, p. 3614)




	APA Citation Guide This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Ed. (Washington, D.C., American Psychological Association, 2010). APA is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. For each of the following examples, there are two parts. The first one explains the format that should be used at the end of the research paper, providing complete information on the resource (Reference). The second part corresponds to the citation included in the paper, immediately after the quotation (In-text). APA uses hanging indent formatting in the reference list. For in-text direct quotes, add page numbers when necessary: e.g., (Komisar, 1991, p. 13). PRINTED SOURCES Book (one author) Reference: Cohen, S. (1983). The alcoholism problem. New York: Hawort. In-text: (Cohen, 1983, p. 151) Book (two or more authors) Reference: Strunk, W., Jr. & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan. In-text: (Strunk & White, 1979, p.62) * * For 3 or more authors: (Caciagli et al.) Subsequent references: (Strunk et al., 1979) Book Chapter Reference: Frank, P. (1987). Political succession in the Soviet Union. In P. Calvert (Ed.), The process of political succession (pp. 92-109). New York: St. Martin’s Press. In-text: (Frank, 1987, p. 101) Encyclopedia Article Reference: Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. In-text: (Bergmann, 1993, p. 502) Journal Article (one author) Reference: Labanca, N. (2004). Colonial rule, colonial repression and war crimes in the Italian colonies. Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 9(3), 300-313. In-text: (Labanca, 2004, p. 305) Journal Article (two or more authors) Reference: Cerna A., & Wilding J.M. (1977). A note on voluntary control of heart-rate and short-term memory. British journal of psychology, 68, 467. In-text: (Cerna & Wilding, 1977)* * For 3 to 5 authors (Smith, Zappella, Rosen, Gustman, & Rock, 1994, p. 152) For 6 or more authors: (Smith et al., 1994, p. 152) Subsequent references: (Smith et al., 1994) Magazine Article Reference: Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31. In-text: (Henry, 1990, p. 30) Newspaper Article Reference: Moffett, S. (2004, November 26-28). As Yen surges, Tokyo remains on sidelines. Wall Street Journal Europe, M1. In-text: (Moffett,2004, M1) Review Reference: Mroczek, D.K. (2000). The emerging study of midlife [Review of the book Life in the middle: psychological and social development in middle age]. Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 45, 482-485. In-text: (Mroczek, 2000, p. 483) AUDIOVISUAL SOURCES When citing audiovisual sources (with the exception of music on CD), you need to specify the medium used and the publication date. Video Recording (DVD/VHS) Reference: Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [Motion Picture/DVD/VHS]. United States: Paramount Pictures. In-text: (You can count on me) Sound Recording (CD) Reference: Shocked, M. (1992). Over the waterfall. On Arkansas traveller [CD]. New York: Polygram. In-text: (Shocked, 1992, track 5) ON-LINE SOURCES For each reference found on the Web or on an online database, you need to add the DOI identifier (a permanent digital identifier given to an electronic object). Type the DOI in the format shown below. Do not put a period at the end of the DOI. doi: 10.1016/S0028-3932%2801%2900178-6 If the DOI is not available, include the home page URL in this format: Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxx WWW Homepage Reference: GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/ In-text: (GVU's 8th WWW user survey) Journal article with DOI Reference: Garcia-Retamero, R., Takezawa, M., & Galesic, M. (2010). Simple mechanisms for gathering social information. New Ideas in Psychology, 28(1), 49-63. doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2009.05.002. In-text: (Garcia-Retamaro et al., 2010, p. 55) Journal article retrieved from a database or without a DOI For articles that are easily located, do not provide database information. If the article is difficult to locate, you can provide database information or the URL. Reference: Gareth, M. G. (2009). Word learning and lexical development across the lifespan. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 364(1536), 3607-3615. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. In-text: (Gareth,2000, p. 3614)